enobrivi krediti da misi
gamoyenebis wesebi
კონსტანტინე გამსახურდიას პუბლიცისტური წერილების მიხედვით
თანამედროვე
ეპოქაში ძალზე მტკივნეული თემაა „ენობრივი კრედიტი“ ანუ სიტყვათა სესხება. როდის უნდა
ავიღოთ სხვა ენის ლექსიკური ფონდიდან სიტყვები? როგორ დავიცვათ საკუთარი ენა გადაგვარებისგან?
konstantine gamsaxurdias publicistur werilebSi
dafiqsirebulia avtoris lingvisturi koncefcia .
enaTa Soris gardauvali Sedegis , sesxebis
winaaRmdegi ar aris konstantine gamsaxurdia da miaCnia , rom sesxeba mizanSewonilia
Tu saWiro sityva mSobliur leqsikur
wiaRSi ar moipoveba , Tumca gamonaklisis
daSvebasac ar gamoricxavs, radgan sityvaTa urTierTsesxeba da gacvla sayovelTao
movlenaa.
rogorc
yovel kulturul enaSi , Cvens enaSic mravali miucileblad saWiro sityvaa sxvadasxva
eris cxovrebidan da mwerlobidan nebsiT Tu uneblieT Semotanili . (gamsaxurdia
1985; gv. 130)
qarTuli
enis leqsikis maragSi garkveul adgils iWers nasesxebi , sxva enobrivi
samyarodan Semosuli sityvebi . sesxeba enis leqsikis gamdidrebis saSualebaa .
(Rlonti 1971 ; gv. 210)
leqsikuri
simdidre enis ganviTarebis Sedegia . (gamsaxurdia 1985; gv. 220)
nacionaluri
enisTvis leqsikuri krediti rodia mavnebeli , aramed sintaqsuri daqvemdebareba .
(gamsaxurdia 1985; gv. 257)
mTavarze
umTavresia nasesxeb sityvaTa gonivruli moxmara .(gamsaxurdia 1985; gv. 257)
sityvis
sesxebas mravali faqtori ganapirobebs , is bunebrivia ara marto qarTuli
enisaTvis , aramed mas dedamiwaze arsebuli yvela ena mimarTavs , amasTan zogi
metad, zogi naklebad .(Rlonti 1971; gv. 98)
me
dagisaxelebT uganaTlebules nacias dRevandel evropisas- ingliselebs , romelic
ganuwyvetliv Rebulobs ucxo sityvebis nadens , rogorc mkvdar berZnul-laTinur ise
axal frangul-germanul enebidan. (gamsaxurdia 1963 ; gv. 627)
rogorc
yovel kulturul enas ise qarTulsac axal epoqaSi moeZala mravali cneba da sityva
saerTaSoriso
JReradobisa
, iseTi sityvebi , romelnic uTargmnelad Sedian yovel kulturul enaSi.
Mme
mimaCnia cru patriotizmis gamovlinebad , roca amgvari sityvebis Targmnas
Seudgebian . germaneli urapatriotebi premiasac dahpirdnen im pirebs , vinc
saerTasoriso sityvebis:telefonis , eleqtronis , kulturis , sezonis ,moda,
germanul ekvivalents mosZebnidnen .bolos telefonis nacvlad gamoCxrikes uniaTo
sityva `fernSprexer~ , romlis warmoTqmisas enas iRrZobs kaci. (gamsaxurdia
1963; gv. 587)
qarTuli
isedac martoxelaa msoflio enebis ojaxebs Soris;ase rom Tu ara gvsurs sofluri
ieri mivaniWoT Cvens enas , Tamamad SemovuSvaT masSi iseTi sityvebi , romelTac
arc
erTi civilizebuli eri ar Targmnis.
(gamsaxurdia 1963; gv. 587)
xazgasmulia
is garemoeba , rom qarTveli mwignobrebi , Cans , ar idgnen arasaWiro purizmis
principze. sayovelTaod gavrcelebul terminologias siamoვnebiT iRebdnen ucxouri enebisagan da uguebdnen
qarTul struqturul-semantikur normebs. (Rlonti 1971; gv. 102
sityvaTsesxeba
qarTulSi warmoebda rogorc uSualod , upiratesad Zvel saukuneebSi( 5-8 s.s ),ise
SualobiT,upiratesad me-19-me-20 saukuneebsi. SualobiT rusuli enis meSveobiT,
gansakuTrebiT bevri sityva (termini) Semovida qarTulSi frangulidan ,
inglisuridan , germanulidan .
nasesxebi
sityvari umTavresad mecnierebis , teqnikis , kulturis sferoebs ganekuTvneba .
qarTuls ucxouri enebisgan SeuTvisebia mxolod arsebiTi saxelebi , iSviaTad
zedsarTavi saxelebi.rac Seexeba zmnebs , nacvalsaxelebs, ricxviT saxelebs , zmniszedebs
, Tandebulebs , nawilakebs , Sorisdebulebs , modalur sityvebs _ aq nasesxebi
sityvari an sul ar gvaqvs an TiTo-oror SemTxvevas Tu aRniSnavs kaci .amis
nimuSia , magaliTad , zmniszeda albaT , romelic arabuli enisagan Cans
SeTvisebuli _ helbeT...
miuxedavad
imisa , rom nasesxebi sityvari TiTqmis fexis yvela gadadgmaze gvxvdeba,
qarTulSi igi mainc cotaa da enis mTlian leqsikur saganZurSi mcire procents
Seadgens. (Rlonti 1971; gv. 100)
qarTuli
enis leqsikis maragSi garkveul adgils nasesxebi sxva enobrivi sanmyarodan
Semosuli sityvebi ikavebs . sesxeba enis leqsikis gamdidrebis friad
mniSvnelovani saSualebaa. სityvis
sesxebas mravali faqtori ganapirobebs , is bunebrivia ara marto qarTuli
enisaTvis , aramed mas dedamiwaze arsebuli yvela ena mimarTavs , amasTan zogi
metad, zogic naklebad.
marTlac
, udavoa , rom `ena iseTi fenomenia , mas ori ram ayenebs zians , rogorc
xelovnurad misi gamartiveba , ise xelovnurad misi daRvarWna.(gamsaxurdia 1985;
gv. 481)
sesxebis
dros gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilea aucilebeli, rom ar aiTqvifos erTi ena meoreSi.
`zogierT
enaTmecniers seriozulad sjera , enaTa Sejvareba bedniereba iyos , bevrma arc ki
icis , rom Sejvarebisas orSi erTi unda aiTqvifos~. (gamsaxurdia 1985; gv. 477)
sesxebas
ar ewinaaRmdegeba konstantine gamsaxurdia mxolod im SemTxvevasi , roca enaSi
amis saWiroeba da aucilebloba moiTxovs, Tumca aRniSnavs rom ` ucxo sityvis
SemoReba unda xdebodes im SemTxvevaSi, roca deda qarTulSi ar moiZebneba ama Tu
im cnebis badali sityva.~ (gamsaxurdia 1965’ ; gv. 32)
TavisTavad
cxadia , Cven ar gvmarTebs arabuli da iranuli leqsikidan nasesxeb sityvebze
uaris Tqma . cnobilia: inglisuri ena ubrwyinvalesia msoflios enaTa Soris , am
enas uamravi sityva aqvs nasesxebi kelturidan , germanulidan , laTinuridan ,
magram jer aravis ganuzraxavs am sityaTa gaZeveba.
Cven
, qarTvelebs , didi vali gvaqvs berZnulisa da laTinuri enebis winaSe . am orma
brwyinvale enam mravali evropuli ena gaamdidra nasesxebi leqsikiT. cxadia ,
mermissiac Cven ar unda moveridoT amas . (gamsaxurdia 1965’ ; gv. 260)
Aaris
SemTxveva , roca mSobliur enaSi moipoveba romelime cnebis gamosaxatavi sityva.
Mmiuxedavad amisa , mwerali arCevs nasesxebi sityva ixmaros, Tu ara , sityvis
xmarebaSi mwerals aTasnairi mosazreba amoZravebs .
zogi
sityva daobebulia , gacveTili , aTasi sxva mwerlis pirSi , zogi sityva yrua ,
zogic blagvi, zogic miviwyebulia da Jangmodebuli , zogic xorkliani , zogic
gamofituli.
Mme
mirCevnia qarTul sityvas `mgrZnobelobas
~ santimentaloba. Ees sityva apaTiuria , CemTvis ar aris raRac Sinagani apaTia
sityvis mimarT garda amisa , am sityvaSi erTimeores xvdebian konsonantebi m . g
. r . Z . n .
Uufro
mets vityvi : sityva `mgrgZnobiereba~ Sewynarebeli sityvaa : me sityvis tirani
rom viyo , aseT sityvebs enas movaglejdi . arian sityvebi , romelnic gatexil zarasaviT
ukve aRar wkrialeben da Tqven rusTaveliseuli energiiTac rom mouqnioT , ver
gamoaRebinebT mas idumal wkrials , romelic yoveli kargi sityvidan mogvesmis
Cven...
Aarian
sityvebi , romelnic siZveleTa savaneSi unda iqnan Senaxulni rogorc Zveli sistemis
zarbaznebi , romelTac Tanamedrove omSi kargi vaJkacic ver ixmars .
Aarian
sityvebi , romelnic savsebiT unda iqnan gaZevebulni. Aarian sityvebi , romelTac verc erTi saxelmwifuri ,
eTniuri da nacionaluri sazRvrebi ver daakaveben , isini ideur atmosferos dahyvebian.
Aarsebobs
gadauTargmneli sityvebi.
Aarian
Seucvleli sityvebi .
Aaxal
kulturas mudam axali sityvebis mayrebi mouZRvian win . (gamsaxurdia 1963; gv.
629)
qarTuli
leqsikis nimuSebi msoflios mravali xalxis enaSia damkვidrebuli უTierTobaTa , mxatvruli da samecniero literaturis
gacvlis , Targmanebis , miwer-moweris , vaWrobisa da mimosvlis gafarToebis
wyalobiT aTobiT RviZli qarTuli sityva gavrcelda sxva enebSi . amitom cal-calkea
gasaTvaliswinebeli ara marto ucxouri leqsika qarTul enaSi , aramed qarTuli
leqsikac ucxour enebSi . ( Rlonti 1971; gv.104 )
yovel
cocxal enas moepoveba dauSreteli idiomuri auzi , es aris berZnuli da laTinuri
ena .
qarTul
enas yvela ucxo enebze ufro exameba am enebidan aRebuli sityvebi .
es
ori ena dRes upatrono kapitalia , igi yvelas ekuTvnis .
me
ar mwams `nacionalizmi~ enis sakiTxSi . ( gamsaxurdia 1963; gv. 628)
enis
sakiTxSi me odnav sxvagvarad vfiqrob , magram es mtrobad ar unda CamomerTvas .(
gamsaxurdia 1965’ ; gv.26)
sityvaTa
urTierTsesxeba da gacvla sayovelTao movlenaa .(Rlonti 1971; gv.105)
konstantine
gamsaxurdias sesxebasTan dakavSirebiT zogierT sakiTxSi sruliad sxvagvari xedva
aqvs .
mTavarze
umTavresia nasesxeb sityvaTa gonivruli moxmareba .araerTgzis miTqvams
saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSirisa da mecnierebaTa akademiis tribunidan :
moveridoT-meTqi nasesxeb sityvaTa urigod xmarebas .
am
saqmeSi mxolod akademikoss giorgi wereTelma damiWira mxari . kategoriulad unda
aRvkveToT franguli sufiqsis ` al~-isa da `ik~-is xmareba . zogierT magaliTs
aqac moviyvan :
lirikulis
nacvlad unda daiweros liriuli ,
epikuris
nacvlad epiuri ,
santimentaluris
nacvlad santimenturi ,
simboliuris
nacvlad simboluri ,
gotiuris
nacvlad goturi ,
infernali infernuli ,
Teatraluris
nacvlad saTeatro ,
Eepoqaluris
nacvlad epoquri , an epoqismieri ,
momentaluris
nacvlad momenturi ,
fundamentaluris
nacvlad fundamenturi ,
fenomuri
da ara fenomenaluri ,
provinciuli
da ara provincialuri .
vinc
qarTuli enis bunebas kargad ar icnobs, mxolod mis smenas ar examuSeba arsebiTi
saxelebis naTesaobiT brunvaSi daxergva, qarTul enas uyvars xmovanebiT daboloeba
sityvisa. daakvirdiT rusTavelis da mraval warCinebul mwerals.
am
garemoebis ver Semcnobi oratorebi ixrCobian Tanxmovanebis daxergvis meoxebiT. (
gamsaxurdia 1965’ ; gv. 261)
ena
is kalapotia, azrovnebis unarTan erTad SeZenili is suliskveTeba, romelSic
moeqceva xolme mxatvrul saxeTa yovelgvari xorcSesxma. `xeebi dgas ~, `Rrubeli
micuravs ~, `mze amoiwvera~, `bindi Camowva~ _ am trivialur gamoTqmebSic ki
ukufenilia xatovani azrovnebis elementebi da Tumca yoveldRiuri gamoyenebisas
TiTqos SeumCnevelni , gaumWirvaleni xdebian , mainc gansazRvraven samyaros
Cveneul xedvas , ris gamoc Cven irgvliv arsebuli sagnebi da movlenebi damatebiT
Tvisebas, Rirebulebas iZens. es ki arsebiTad gansazRvravs kidec sinamdvilis
poetur xedvas, siaxlis aRmoCenas samyaros dasabamidan cnobil sagnebsa da
movlenebSi.
ra
aris is Zala, romelic gadagvarebisagan ixsnis ers, raa is arsebiTi erovnuli
niSani, romelic aaRorZinebs erovnul TviTSegnebis miviwyebul suliskveTebas,
Tavis adgils moupovebs qarTvelebs sxva erebs Soris da maT amiT daanaxebs
sakuTar TviTmyofadobas.
ra
aris is, rac xidad gaideba winaparsa da momavals Soris, warsulasa da awmyos
Soris, ra aerTianebs gardasulsa da momavals,
ra unarCunebs maT erTianobas
erTaderTi
ram ------ ena
ai,
am gadasaxedidan afasebda ilia enas.
yvela
sxva sakiTxi erovnuli brZolisa aq iyrida Tavs, amiT iyo nakvebi da nakarnaxevi.
( jorbenaZe 1987; gv. 27 )
enaTa
urTierTobis aucielეbeli
Sedegia enaTa urTierTgavlena . es
gavlena sxvadaxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobis aris. rac ufro `Sekrulia~,
Semofarglulia sistemobrivad enis esa Tu is rgoli, miT ufro Znelia gareSe elementebis
SeRweva masSi. ( foCxua 1979; gv. 343 )
